⚙️ Deployment and CI/CD

🏛️ Monorepos and Design Systems

Welcome to the chapter on Monorepos and Design Systems! In this section, we'll explore how to build scalable UI libraries and design systems using modern tools like Nx or Turborepo. We'll cover everything from setting up a monorepository to managing dependencies and streamlining your development workflow.

💡 Monorepos: The Basics

• A monorepository is a single repository containing multiple projects or packages.
• It allows for shared dependencies and consistent versioning across projects.
• Popular tools for managing monorepos include Nx and Turborepo.

// Initialize Nx workspace
npx create-nx-workspace@latest

💡 Why Monorepos?

• Faster builds through shared dependencies and caching.
• Consistent versioning across all packages.
• Easier collaboration with a unified codebase.

💡 Design Systems: Building Consistency

A design system is a collection of reusable UI components and guidelines that ensure consistency across your application. It includes:

• UI kits: Pre-built components like buttons, forms, and tables.
• Style guides: Rules for typography, color schemes, and spacing.
• Documentation: Clear guidelines for using the system.

// Example UI component
export function Button({ text }) {
  return <button className="ui-button">{text}</button>;

✅ Best Practices for Design Systems

• Start small and grow your design system over time.
• Use semantic naming for components and classes.
• Document everything to ensure easy adoption.

💡 Scaling Your Monorepo

As your monorepo grows, it's essential to implement strategies that keep it performant and maintainable. Here are some key considerations:

• Caching mechanisms: Use tools like Nx's built-in cache to speed up builds.
• Parallelization: Leverage modern CI/CD pipelines to run tasks in parallel.
• Code splitting: Keep packages small and focused on specific functionality.

❌ Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Avoid creating monoliths: Keep your packages small and independent.
• Don't ignore documentation: Regularly update and maintain your design system docs.
• Don't skip testing: Implement thorough tests for all UI components.

💡 Real-World Applications

Many successful companies use monorepos and design systems to scale their applications. For example:

• Google uses a massive monorepo for its internal projects.
• Facebook's React library is built with a robust design system.
• Spotify uses Nx to manage its frontend codebase.

🧠 Advanced Patterns and Real-World Architectures

Welcome to the world of advanced React patterns! In this chapter, we'll explore cutting-edge techniques used by industry leaders like Shopify and Meta. You'll learn how to build modular, scalable applications that are easy to maintain and test.

💡 Micro-Frontends Architecture

Micro-frontends are a game-changing approach to building large-scale applications. Instead of maintaining one monolithic frontend, you break it down into smaller, independent apps that work together.

// Example: Micro-frontend routing
const App = () => {
  return (
    <Router>
      <Route path='/ecommerce' component={EcommerceApp} />
      <Route path='/analytics' component={AnalyticsApp} />
    </Router>
  );
}

• Micro-frontends allow teams to work independently
• Each micro-frontend can have its own dependencies
• Reduces cognitive load by breaking down complexity

💡 Key Micro-Frontend Concepts

• Single SPA: Framework for managing micro-frontends
• Web Components: Building reusable UI components
• API composition: Combining services from different apps

💡 Feature Toggles and Flags

Feature toggles enable you to release features gradually without affecting the entire application. They're essential for A/B testing, rollbacks, and feature experimentation.

// Example: Feature toggle in action
const App = () => {
  const [isBetaEnabled] = useState(window.localStorage.getItem('beta') === 'true');
  
  return (
    <div>
      {isBetaEnabled && <NewFeature />}
      <LegacyComponent />
    </div>
  );
}

💡 Plugin-Based Systems

Plugins allow you to extend your application's functionality in a modular way. This pattern is widely used in frameworks like WordPress and React itself.

// Example: React plugin system
function withAnalytics(Component) {
  return function WrappedComponent(props) {
    const track = useTracker();
    
    useEffect(() => {
      track('componentMounted');
    }, []);

    return <Component {...props} />;
  };
}

💡 Real-World Architectures

Learn from the best! This section explores architectures used by companies like Shopify and Meta. We'll cover their approaches to scalability, modularity, and maintainability.

// Example: Modular architecture
const App = () => {
  return (
    <Provider store={store}>
      <Router>
        <Switch>
          {ROUTES.map((route) => (
            <Route key={route.path} {...route} />
          ))}
        </Switch>
      </Router>
    </Provider>
  );
}